Every universities have been classified from the Chilean Ministry regarding Training for the about three membership, namely reduced-gaining colleges, mid-gaining universities and you will large-reaching colleges, dependent brand new abilities of its people in most SIMCE assessment ( thirty two ) .
Anthropometric dimensions and you may nutritional reputation
Standardized procedures were used to measure students’ weight to the nearest 0·1 kg, using a Seca scale (SECA, Hamburg, Germany), and height to the nearest 0·1 cm, using a Holtain stadiometer. All instruments were verified before measuring each participant ( Reference Gibson 33 ) . BMI (kg/m 2 ) and height-for-age were evaluated, and Z-scores were obtained according to the references of the Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Health Statistics (USA) ( Reference Kuczmarski, Ogden and Guo 34 ) . Nutritional status was defined as follows: underweight, BMI Z-score
Socio-economic reputation
Socio-monetary standing (SES) are measured playing with a size based on Graffar’s altered method hence are adjusted so you’re able to Chilean metropolitan and you can outlying populations ( Site Alvarez, Muzzo and Ivaple for the four socio-monetary communities: 1=higher (0·3 %); 2=mid–highest (14·seven %); 3=middle (38·step three %); 4=mid–lower (45·six %); and you will 5=low (step one·1 %). Although not, inside our study we combined this type of four kinds into the three: large (1+2), center (3) and you can lowest (4+5) SES.
Statistical data
Statistical analysis included performing ? 2 tests to compare categorical variables, and ANOVA and Bonferroni tests for comparison of continuous variables. After performing bivariate analyses with each potential confounding variable, including sex, grade, nutritional status, SES and school’s performance, we used logistic regression to assess the relationship between the nutritional quality of snacks at school (exposure) and individual academic performance in Mathematics and Language (outcome). In each case, the probability of passing the test was estimated using three models. In the second model, SES was added. Finally, a fully adjusted model contained all mentioned covariates with the addition of a variable denoting the school’s academic performance. Because the variable school’s performance was partly derived from the outcome variables, this adjustment may cause underestimation of the association, so we included models with and without adjustment for school’s performance. A P value of <0·05 denoted statistical significance. Data were processed using the statistical software package Stata SE for Windows version 12·0.
Abilities
The take to was developed right up away from thirteen·step 1 ( sd dos·3) year-dated men (52 %) and lady (forty eight %) adolescents regarding lower (44·step 3 %), center (39·six %) and you can higher (step 16·1 %) SES. It attended fifth (51·9 %) and you will 9th (48·step one %) level in public (34·8 %), partially backed (57·8 %) and private universities (7·cuatro %) throughout the Santiago Urban Area. As for nutritional status, 45 % from members were obese or heavy. Nearly half of the students (forty-eight %) went to higher-reaching colleges, whereas 31 % and you will 23 % went to middle- and you can lower-gaining colleges, respectively.
From the shot, 56 % off people claimed use of products on snack date which were filled up with pounds, glucose, sodium and energy. Thirty-half a dozen per cent had been thought about having poor-to-reasonable snacking, whereas merely 8 % have been thought to eat compliment affairs into the snack date within school. Table 1 has the descriptive statistics of your own try. Mediocre philosophy regarding scores into the Words and you will Mathematics have been rather ong those with lower health top-notch dinners at school (P=0·01). This new share from people consuming below average products at school are significantly higher certainly one of 9th graders (59 %; P=0·040), college students planning reduced-reaching colleges (61 %; P=0·036), along with among skinny and you may regular-lbs members (69 % and you can 62 %, respectively; P=0·006).